Acute viral hepatitis is diffuse liver inflammation caused by specific hepatotropic viruses that have diverse modes of transmission and epidemiologies. Hepatitis e hepatitis e is a viral hepatitis liver inflammation caused by infection with a virus called hepatitis e virus hev. Who global disease estimates 2016 viral hepatitis could be contributing to nearly 2. Presence of a dna intermediate in replication of rna viruses 9. Ppt viral hepatitis medicine student lecture powerpoint.
Eradication of smallpox is prime exampleeffective vaccines exist for polio, mumps, measles, rubella, influenza, hepatitis a, hepatitis b, varicellazoster, rabies, adenovirus, japanese b encephalitis. As we have seen previously, the genome can be either dna or rna. Covering the epidemiology, causes, clinical features, investigation, treatment and prognosis of. Human disease and animal models mit opencourseware. Anticirrhosis, hcc hepatocellular carcinoma mode of transmission. Symptoms of hepatitis are universal, regardless if caused by an infectious agent or chronic condition, and can include fatigue, anorexia, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice. Viral hepatitis is a systemic disease with primary inflammation of the liver by any one of a heterogeneous group of hepatotropic viruses. A general overview phil mcclean september 2004 all biological organisms have a genome. Tropical medicine lecture notes 7th edition pdf download. Viral proteins host plasma membrane 1 viral proteins that will become envelope spikes insert into host plasma membrane.
The incubation period of hepatitis a virus hav is 27 weeks average, 28 days. Dec 18, 2011 hepatitis delta virion from murray et. The abcs of viral hepatitis viral hepatitis diagnosis. Jaundice fever fatigue loss of appetite nausea vomiting abdominal pain joint pain dark urine claycolored stool diarrhea hav only.
Lecture notes tropical medicine pdf 7th edition free. Hepatitis a virus hav and hepatitis e virus hev are important causes of acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure alf. Sexual contact mothertochild transmission bloodtoblood contact by unsafe injecting practices, blood transfusion, unsterile medical equipment hbv is a an important occupational hazard for health workers hepatitis c virus hcv. Hepatitis hepatitis a infection is travelers most common vaccinepreventable disease. Deltavirus d requires the presence of hepatitis b virus hbv infection. Students should listen to the weekly podcast this week in virology, produced by. Viral matrix protein coats inside of plasma membrane. May be implicated in a fulminant type of hepatitis. If hcv viral load at week 8 to 12 is negative, order additional hcv viral load to confirm that the patient cleared the acute infection. Hepatitis numbers in thousands total in thousands a. Jaundice often develops, typically as other symptoms begin to resolve. Chronic viral hepatitis is usually detected by elevated liver enzyme levels ast and alt obtained on a routine blood analysis. Oxford handbook of clinical medicine 10th edition pdf download.
The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. Jun 12, 2017 hepatitis, a general term referring to inflammation of the liver, may result from various causes, both infectious ie, viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic organisms and noninfectious eg, alcohol, drugs, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic diseases. Symptoms of all types of viral hepatitis are similar and can include one or more of the following. Hcv reinfection, or co infection with hiv, another. Healthy living with viral hepatitis is a practical guide for people infected with. Introduction the past 30 years have witnessed a revolution in the development of antiviral agents but, in general, these advances have lagged behind the development of antibacterial agents. Harvardmit division of health sciences and technology hst. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment april 2019 summary decision support patient educationself management definition positive hcv viral load with negative hcv antibody, or documented change in hcv antibody from negative to positive within a 6 month time period, or a new within the last 3 months. As hbv itself is currently viewed as a noncytopathic virus, the liver pathology associated with hepatitis b is mainly thought to be due to immune responses directed against hbv antigens.
Lecture notes gastroenterology and hepatology pdf free. American association for the study of liver diseases, infectious diseases society of america. Students should listen to the weekly podcast this week in virology, produced by prof. Hepatitis e occasionally develops into an acute, severe liver disease, and is fatal. Myriad number of viral agents that humans encounter. Acute viral hepatitis by type, usa 19821993 34 47 16 hepatitis a 3 hepatitis b hepatitis c hepatitis nonabc source cdc sentinel counties study on viral hepatitis 7 hepatitis a virus nucleic acid 7. Ibiology i lecture outline 7 viruses references textbook pages 355362, lab manual pages 273274 an enigma. Viral hepatitis medicine student lecture david r nelson, m.
Tzanck test, detection of the virus using monoclonal antibodies, and serological diagnosis are conducted. The term viral hepatitis can describe either a clinical illness or the histologic findings associated with the disease. The virus is responsible for the majority of cases of what was previously called nona, nonb viral hepatitis. Regional strategy for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis iv. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic. Nucleocapsid extrudes from the host cell, becoming coated with matrix proteins and envelope with protein spikes. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis b. Viral hepatitis is increasingly being recognized as a public health problem in india. Acute infection with a hepatitis virus may result in conditions ranging from subclinical disease to selflimited symptomatic disease to fulminant hepatic failure. View notes viralhep2010 from mmc 6500 at university of florida.
The purpose of this course is to provide an overview of the course of infection and. Prevention and therapy vaccinesone of the most significant advances in human health eradication of smallpox is prime exampleeffective vaccines exist for polio, mumps, measles, rubella, influenza, hepatitis a, hepatitis b, varicellazoster, rabies, adenovirus, japanese b encephalitis. Overview of acute viral hepatitis hepatic and biliary. Viral hepatitis an introduction hepatitis, or inflammation of the liver, can be caused by several very different viruses. Over the past 15 years, the incidences of hepatitis a and b virus infection in. Acute hepatitis this book presents uptodate, practically oriented information on major topics in acute hepatiti read online books at. Most chronically infected patients are asymptomatic for many years. Fundamental liver pathology part 1 duke university. Covering the epidemiology, causes, clinical features, investigation, treatment and prognosis of all the main gut and liver. Immunology lectures farbod abolhassani 20200403t11.
Immunesurveillance over ebv and ebvassociated burkitt lymphoma. This is due to a number of challenges, which include the. Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses. These viruses can spread through food, water, infected blood, and bodily fluids. Prevention and therapy vaccinesone of the most significant advances in human health. Viralhep2010 viral hepatitis medicine student lecture david. It is transmitted by direct percutaneous or permucosal exposure to infected blood. It bears a high risk of developing chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients with substantial mortality rates. Introduction viral hepatitis remains a silent epidemic in the united states. It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. Hepatitis c online courseinteractive modules, from screening to treatment, free cne. Chronic viral hepatitis and the management of chronic renal failure.
Viral hepatitis nursing care plan and management rnpedia. Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory diseased state of the liver caused by various viruses, namely hepatitis a hav, hbv, hcv, hepatitis d, and hepatitis e. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources and can have severe economic consequences. Professor of medicine associate dean, clinical research university of. Hcc can develop in a patient who has been infected with hbv or hcv anywhere from 9 to 35 years later. Repeat hcv viral load every 46 weeks until 2 negative hcv viral loads are obtained. Pdf the biology and pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses. This nucleic acid used to encode functions necessary for it to complete its life cycle and its interaction with its environments. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma hcc can occur in patients with c hronic hbv or hcv infection.
Racaniello, for additional material about viruses relevant to the course. Following are the few important features of lecture notes tropical medicine pdf. A nonspecific viral prodrome is followed by anorexia, nausea, and often fever or right upper quadrant pain. While all three types of hepatitis can cause similar symptoms, each virus is spread in different ways.
Viral hepatitis is an infection of the liver caused by. Clinical symptoms then develop, often with a presentation similar to that of gastroenteritis or a viral respiratory infection. Viral hepatitis pdf written and edited by worlds leading authorities, the new edition of this leading textbook features new chapters covering the very latest developments in extrahepatic manifestations and new antiviral treatments for hbv and hcv. Gastroenterology and hepatology lecture notes is a comprehensive yet easytoread overview of luminal gastroenterology and hepatology. If you are going to prepare a seminar you can compare with multiple similar presentations given here, some times if you are busy you can use these slides as such without any modification or with slight modification.
Verena carvalho persontoperson bacterial and viral diseases brock unit. Providing a comprehensive introduction to the study of tropical medicine, this new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to include new content and more illustrations and clinical photographs to aid understanding. It is important to note that educational programmes and materials for healthcare providers. Hav, hbv, and hcv are the more common types of viral hepatitis found in the us population 26. Viral hepatitis pdf written and edited by worlds leading authorities, the new edition of this leading textbook features new chapters covering the very latest developments in extrahepatic manifestations and new anti viral treatments for hbv and hcv. Definitions, causes and management article pdf available in health 0610. Hepatitis c has been only recently recognized as a specific entity alter et al. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses hepatitis a, hepatitis b, hepatitis c. Chronic hepatitis usually follows mild or asymptomatic initial infection. Innate antiviral immune responses to hepatitis b virus. Hepatitis b virus hbv is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. Sep 12, 2016 medicine lectures acute viral hepatitis 2 duration.
Superinfection of a person already infected with hbv carrier causes more rapid, severe progression than coinfection shorter arrow. Viral infections whose main symptom is blistering 427 23 these degenerated epidermal cells are observed as ballooning cells containing intranuclear inclusion bodies by smear staining of the blister contents fig. In the united states, the most common types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c. Viral infections bacterial infections sexually transmitted diseases malignant lesions scaling disorderspapulosquamous dermatitis. Due to paucity of data, the exact burden of disease for the country is not established. The most common signs and symptoms include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, fever, hepatomegaly, jaundice, dark urine, anorexia, and rash. Viral hepatitis is a systemic infection in which virus infects the liver cells, causing. Although hepatitis e often causes an acute and selflimiting infection in that it usually goes away by itself and the patient recovers with low mortality rates. Lecture slides pdf will be posted at this website before each class. Hepatitis b belongs to the hepadnaviridae class of viruses.
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